In Compliance: The Compliance Information Resource for Electrical Engineers logo
Continuing Your
Professional Education in 2021
Continuing Your
Professional Education in
2021
PLUS
The EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

Standards Play a Key Role in Enabling Innovation

Robots and Robotics: Assessing Hazards and Testing to Global Standards

PLUS
The EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

Standards Play a Key Role in Enabling Innovation

Robots and Robotics: Assessing Hazards and Testing to Global Standards

Laptop with book pages on the other side
January 2021
January 2021
Volume 13 l Number 1
Contents
By the In Compliance Staff
Traditionally, the start of a new year is a time when we reflect on the progress we’ve made during the year passed and set our goals for the new year. We’ve queried training resources in our industry to provide you with an overview of free or affordable solutions to meet your training goals in 2021.
By Alex Martin
This article discusses and contextualizes the EU Conflict Minerals Regulation for the electronics sector. While manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment placing products on the EU market do not have any specific legal obligations under the Regulation, the law still raises various implications, specifically when it comes to publicly reporting on uses of conflict minerals.
By Ravi Subramaniam
Standards play a critical role in enabling new technologies to go mainstream faster while freeing customers to choose best-of-breed solutions from multiple vendors. Here’s what vendors need to know about why and how to participate in standards-related processes, including conformity assessment activities.
Assessing Hazards and Testing to Global Standards
By Pierrick Balaire
The use of robots and robotics is becoming more common across many industries. As these devices become more common, and their use grows, manufacturers must understand the hazards they present, regulatory requirements, and testing options.
clipart of people climbing piles of books
circuit board with stars on it
hand held out with imaginary light bulb
constellation forming a mechanical arm
Faces In Compliance logo
clipart of headshots
In Compliance logo
In Compliance Magazine
ISSN 1948-8254 (print)
ISSN 1948-8262 (online)
is published by

Same Page Publishing Inc.
451 King Street, #458
Littleton, MA 01460
tel: (978) 486-4684
fax: (978) 486-4691

©Copyright 2021 Same Page Publishing, Inc. all rights reserved

Contents may not be reproduced in any form without the prior consent of the publisher.
While every attempt is made to provide accurate information, neither the publisher nor the authors accept any liability for errors or omissions.

editor/
publisher
Lorie Nichols
lorie.nichols@incompliancemag.com
(978) 873-7777
business development director
Sharon Smith
sharon.smith@incompliancemag.com
(978) 873-7722
production director
Erin C. Feeney
erin.feeney@incompliancemag.com
(978) 873-7756
marketing director
Ashleigh O’Connor
ashleigh.oconnor@incompliancemag.com
(978) 873-7788
circulation director
Alexis Evangelous
alexis.evangelous@incompliancemag.com
(978) 486-4684
features editor
William von Achen
bill.vonachen@incompliancemag.com
(978) 486-4684
senior contributors
Bruce Archambeault
bruce@brucearch.com
Leonard Eisner
Leo@EisnerSafety.com
Daryl Gerke
dgerke@emiguru.com
columns contributors
EMC Concepts Explained
Bogdan Adamczyk
adamczyb@gvsu.edu
Hot Topics in ESD
EOS/ESD Association, Inc
info@esda.org
advertising
For information about advertising contact Sharon Smith at sharon.smith@incompliancemag.com.
subscriptions
In Compliance Magazine subscriptions are free to qualified subscribers in North America.
Subscriptions outside North America are $129 for 12 issues. The digital edition is free.
Please contact our circulation department at circulation@incompliancemag.com
compliance news
ARRL Seeks Waiver of Proposed
FCC Amateur Application Fees
The ARRL, the national association for amateur radio, has requested that the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) waive its recently proposed fee for amateur radio applications.

The ARRL’s waiver request was filed in response to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking issued last month by the FCC, in which the agency proposed a fee of $50 for amateur radio applications to help recover the cost of processing those applications…

FDA Releases Guidance on
EMC of Medical Devices
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a guidance document for medical device manufacturers on the recommended information that should be provided in premarket submissions filed with the agency to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for electrically powered medical devices…
DILBERT Comic strip
DILBERT © 2021 Scott Adams. Used By permission of ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION. All rights reserved.
Feature Article
Continuing Your Professional Education in 2021
Compiled by the In Compliance Magazine Staff
illustration of men and women climbing up stacks of books
T

he year past has brought unprecedented challenges to all of us. But often, times of overwhelming uncertainty also provide incredible opportunities to view the world through a different lens and bring innovative solutions to seemingly insurmountable problems.

This is certainly the case when we look at the landscape for professional development activities that emerged in 2020. While many scheduled in‑person trainings and workshops were postponed or canceled altogether, training providers also embraced the potential of platforms like Microsoft Teams and Zoom and quickly revamped their offerings for virtual presentation. And, without having to incur travel expenses or spend time commuting to in‑person training locations, participation in virtual learning offerings, including seminars, workshops, and symposia, has surpassed almost everyone’s expectations.

Virtual offerings have their limitations and don’t provide us with the same kind of engagement with presenters, instructors, and other participants as in‑person events do. But the 2020 experiments with virtual learning have led to a dramatic broadening of professional development opportunities for industry professionals regardless of their location. And 2021 will no doubt see the widespread adoption of a variety of options for learners everywhere.

Feature Article
The EU Conflict Minerals Regulation
Implications for the Electronics Sector
By Alex Martin
The EU Conflict Minerals Regulation - Implications for the Electronics Sector
O

ver the last 10-15 years, supply chain management has increasingly entailed addressing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues alongside the likes of quality, cost, service, and delivery. This has been experienced in the electronics industry, but equally the likes of the textiles and apparel, jewelry, automotive, and aerospace and defense sectors. Corporate practices have changed in light of campaigning by political activists and non-governmental organizations, as has legislation and/or government-backed voluntary initiatives.

For those involved in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of electrical and electronic equipment, understanding “conflict minerals” – metals and minerals derived under duress and traded to keep armed groups funded – is likely best cast in terms of the wider identification, assessment, and management of ESG risks in supply chains (other risks might include, for example, child and forced labor, corruption and bribery, environmental pollution, etc.). While existing legislation may not apply to your business today, it might tomorrow.

Feature Article
Standards Play a Key Role in Enabling Innovation
Why standards-based conformity assessment is critical and how companies can get involved
By Ravi Subramaniam
I

nnovative new technologies typically come from individual companies rather than from standards bodies. Even so, standards play a critical role in making those brand-new technologies something that enterprises and other end-users feel comfortable buying. Put simply, standards enable new technologies to go mainstream and allow customers to choose best solutions from multiple vendors.

Vendors often start selling a new technology years before relevant standards are published. They know that consumers and businesses want the latest and greatest technologies, so they frequently ship pre-standard versions to meet that demand. If they don’t, they could be at a competitive disadvantage.

Feature Article
Robots and Robotics
Assessing Hazards and Testing to Global Standards
By Pierrick Balaire
Robotic arm graphic
R

obotics is a rapidly growing field with applications in multiple industries and taking many shapes and forms in today’s world. Examples include collaborative robots (cobots), industrial mobile robots (IMRs), automatic guided vehicles (AGVs), automated mobile platforms (AMPs), smart mining, autonomous mobile storage for the retail industry, medical robots, and robotic personal assistants.

As these devices become more prevalent, it is important to understand the hazards and testing options for these innovative devices, as well as the various global standards and requirements with which manufacturers and developers will need to comply.

Hazards

There are several hazards that need to be assessed and addressed for robots and robotic devices. The main hazards to consider for robotics are:

2021 Faces In Compliance typography
clipart of headshots
Training and Education
Faces In Compliance department heading
Dr. Bogdan Adamczyk
Grand Valley State University
D

r. Bogdan Adamczyk is professor and director of the Grand Valley State University (GVSU) Electromagnetic Compatibility Center where he regularly teaches college-level EMC courses and EMC certificate courses for industry. He is an iNARTE certified EMC Master Design Engineer. He was a founding member and chair (2011-2020) of the IEEE EMC Chapter of West Michigan.

In 2012 he established the GVSU EMC Center and became its director. The EMC Center is a unique facility where GVSU collaborates with EMC practitioners from the community. This collaboration provides GVSU students with the opportunity to co-op and gain hands-on experience in the field of regulatory testing for EMC pre-compliance. The Center supports the local industrial community with design/re-design assistance and pre-compliance testing for products during the development cycle.

The joint EMC research between GVSU and its industrial partner, E3 Compliance LLC, has provided rich educational material that has been widely disseminated and incorporated in the EMC courses for both the GVSU students and industry.

Prof. Adamczyk authored or co-authored over 60 papers on EMC education, measurement, and testing. He is the author of the textbook “Foundations of Electromagnetic Compatibility with Practical Applications” (Wiley, 2017) and the upcoming textbook “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility with Laboratory Exercises” (Wiley 2022).

227 Winter Ave. NW, 136 IDC,
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
(616) 331-7286
https://www.gvsu.edu/emccenter

EMC Consulting
Faces In Compliance department heading
Daniel D. Hoolihan
Hoolihan EMC Consulting
D

an Hoolihan is the Founder and President of Hoolihan EMC Consulting; a 20-year old EMC-Engineering consulting firm. He specializes in EMC Laboratory Accreditation; EMC Standards Development, and EMC Education.

He has been assessing EMC Laboratories to International Standards for over 30 years. His major emphasis has been on laboratories involved in the United States Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) relative to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 – General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories.

Presently, he is Chairman of the ANSI-associated C63-Committee, which develops EMC standards for ANSI and IEEE. Some of the approximately twenty C63-standards are “adopted by reference” by United States Government Agencies to be used by manufacturers to show compliance to regulatory requirements.

With over fifty (50) years of experience, Hoolihan teaches courses in EMC Engineering in conjunction with ETS-Lindgren, the IEEE-EMC Society, and the C63-Committee.

Hoolihan is Past-President of the IEEE-EMC Society (1998-1999) and is presently Chairing the History Committee of the EMC Society.

32515 Nottingham Court
PO Box 367
Lindstrom, MN 55045
(651) 269-3569

Chambers
Faces In Compliance department heading
Raymond EMC Enclosures Ltd.
R

aymond EMC is a Canadian company dedicated to providing quality state-of-the-art EMC Chamber solutions. Acquired by President Bruce Alexander in 2012, their core values of excellence, adaptability, integrity, and fun are truly a reflection of their team.

Jason Harrison, Head of Engineering, says: “Every project has its unique challenges and obstacles as each project is tailored towards the unique requirements of our customers. I am constantly learning new things about not just our industry, but those of our clients.”

José Burgos, Shop Technician, added “After hearing about the company’s mission, vision, and goals for the future, it made me want to be a part of it. In the short time I’ve been working here, we’ve grown so much, and it’s only the beginning.”

“Being in a supportive and collaborative environment with everyone moving towards the same goal of excellence is something that I appreciate daily.” says Eric Wanamaker, Head Project Manager.

“Our supportive and welcoming work environment has made my time here equally as enjoyable as educational. It is this attitude and dedication that makes REMC standout not only as a leader in product quality, but in customer satisfaction.” adds Malika Goodman, Engineering Student.

Overall what makes Raymond EMC successful is their people, and one needs simply to read the above to believe it.

5185 Dolman Ridge Road, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1C 7G4
(800) 362-1485 | http://www.raymondemc.ca

EMI Shielding Gaskets
Faces In Compliance department heading
George M. Kunkel
Spira Manufacturing Corp.
G

eorge M. Kunkel, EMI shielding expert, inventor, and author, has been an EMC design engineer for over 50 years of his life. George is the inventor of Spira’s unique, patented spiral EMI gasket. Known as the gold standard in the industry for over 40 years, the entire family of EMI products–including EMI/RFI shielding gaskets, shielded honeycomb filters, and other products–are expertly crafted and designed to last the life of a system.

With B.S. and M.S. degrees in engineering from UCLA, George served as Chairman of the Technical Committee on Interference control for 18 years, and Chairman of a Shielding Theory and Practice working group of the EMC Society of the IEEE for 6 years. He also taught courses on EMC System Design at UCLA extension.

Last year, George’s groundbreaking new book on EMI Shielding was published: Shielding of Electromagnetic Waves–Theory and Practice. This book is the culmination of practical and theoretical research over the course of his career. It provides a new, more accurate and efficient way for design engineers to understand electromagnetic theory and practice as it relates to the shielding of electronical and electronic equipment.

650 Jessie Street, San Fernando, CA 91340
(888) 98-SPIRA | http://www.spira-emi.com

Testing, Engineering and Certification Services
Faces In Compliance department heading
Alicia headshot
Alicia
Chang headshot
Chang
Christina headshot
Christina
Coco headshot
Coco
Corey headshot
Corey
Cucy headshot
Cucy
Desmond headshot
Desmond
Doug headshot
Doug
Eda headshot
Eda
Elmer headshot
Elmer
Emily headshot
Emily
Grace headshot
Grace
Gregory headshot
Gregory
Hans headshot
Hans
Herve headshot
Herve
Ivan headshot
Ivan
Jarwei headshot
Jarwei
Jennifer headshot
Jennifer
Jerry headshot
Jerry
Joan headshot
Joan
Karen headshot
Karen
Kent headshot
Kent
Kerwin headshot
Kerwin
Kim headshot
Kim
Lavern headshot
Lavern
Leven headshot
Leven
Lisa headshot
Lisa
Liv headshot
Liv
Louisa headshot
Louisa
Major headshot
Major
Mike headshot
Mike
Mike headshot
Mike
Moon headshot
Moon
Pieter headshot
Pieter
Richard headshot
Richard
Robert headshot
Robert
Ryan headshot
Ryan
Sam headshot
Sam
Steve headshot
Steve
Steve headshot
Steve
Steven headshot
Steven
Sue headshot
Sue
Susan headshot
Susan
Ta headshot
Ta
Timothy headshot
Timothy
Tina headshot
Tina
Tom headshot
Tom
Vivian headshot
Vivian
American Certification Body

Washington Laboratories

O

ur Global Team Of Experts hails from every part of the Earth, providing best-in-class services to meet the challenges of launching products into the marketplace. Our unique proposition is our industry experience to meet time-to-market needs in a rapidly-evolving environment.

From wired to wireless, consumer to commercial, energy to environmental, we work across industries that connect our world, making it a better place, and maintaining the rhythm of our linked societies. Diverse in that we are dancers, artists, engineers, chefs, farmers, mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles, brewers, carpenters, mechanics, hunters, fishers, preachers, electricians, beauticians, runners, makers of things, and makers of music. We share a bond that reaches across oceans and airspace that connects our customers and our community—and we are grateful for that.

We strive to provide the highest class of support to meet your compliance needs. But, more than that, we’re a network of families, caring for our loved ones and children—mending skinned knees, checking homework and educating the next generation—nurturing hopes and aspirations for a better planet.

Connect with us and we’ll connect you to the World.

Locations in the United States, Asia, and Europe
https://acbcert.com | https://wll.com

EMC concepts explained
Transmission Line Reflections at the RL and RC Loads
By Bogdan Adamczyk
T

his article discusses the reflections on a transmission line terminated with either an RL or an RC load. The detailed analytical derivations are verified through the HyperLynx simulations and laboratory measurements.

1.1 Reflections at the RL Load – Analysis
Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1.1, where the transmission line of length d is terminated by an RL load. (Reflections at the purely inductive load are discussed in [1]).

Note that the load resistor value is equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line; it is also assumed that the initial current through the inductor is zero, iL(0_) = 0.

hot topics in ESD

Two-Pin HBM Testing: a New Option?

By Robert Ashton for EOS/ESD Association, Inc.
H

uman Body Model (HBM) is the original ESD test method for semiconductor devices and is still the most widely used ESD test [1]. This article will discuss the old, but now new two-pin HBM tester. Not only are the new two-pin testers not subject to one of the drawbacks of today’s high pin count testers, they provide additional testing convenience and diagnostic options not available in traditional HBM testers.

Background
The basic HBM circuit diagram is shown in Figure 1. A 100-pF capacitor is charged to a voltage and then discharged across the device through a series 1500-ohm resistor. This produces the classic HBM waveform, a rapid rise in current followed by a 150 ns exponential decay, with a nominal peak current of about VHBM/1500 ohms. Developing an HBM tester based on Figure 1 is not as straightforward as it might seem. Details of the high voltage relay to initiate the pulse have led to unintended consequences and false failures which have been documented in the literature. Ionized gas in the relay after the pulse created sustained low currents after the main pulse [2] and rapidly changing relay capacitance created voltages before the pulse [3]. These artifacts have been rectified with simple modifications of the pulse source.
banana skins
307
Poor power quality makes cooker switch itself on

Typically, regular voltage quality spot checks are made throughout a local distribution system with additional measurements taken when a customer asks; is there a voltage problem? Indeed, this was the initial question…

308
Darth Vader toy switched on by low-level interference

What is electromagnetic noise and why is it proclaimed dangerous and unwanted? This extract from Ministry of Commerce’s Field Offices newsletter is a graphic example of EM noise and interference (EMI) it may cause…

309
Computer company learns that EMC compliance pays

In its formative years, a major US PC manufacturer felt that FCC certification was not a barrier to marketing. Standard operating procedure was to sell while the authorisation process was in process. Then the FCC arrived to shut down the factory. The VP of Engineering met with the FCC in Washington…

310
Interference before World War I

The US Military first encountered Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) some time prior to World War I when a radio was first installed on a vehicle…

In Compliance: The Compliance information Resource for Electrical Engineers logo
Thanks for reading our January 2021 issue!