South Korea Standard KS C 9814-1:2022
Health Monitoring and Prediction of Cells in a Battery Module or Pack Under Operating Condition
South Korea Standard KS C 9814-1:2022
Health Monitoring and Prediction of Cells in a Battery Module or Pack Under Operating Condition
for EMC Testing
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his article presents an experimental framework to characterize the energy released during thermal runaway events involving Li-ion cells and battery packs used in applications ranging from electric vehicles to consumer electronics and medical devices to aerospace applications. A brief introduction to lithium-ion batteries and battery thermal runaway is provided. The article then describes various methods for obtaining energy release in cells undergoing thermal runaway.
The first method involves testing a cell inside a sealed pressure vessel, which allows for the estimation of the volume of gas produced as a result of thermal runaway and a quantitative assessment of the vent gas composition. This technique is generally used to assess the flammability hazards associated with thermal runaway. The second method described is oxygen consumption calorimetry. This technique provides an estimation of the heat released by a cell undergoing thermal runaway via chemical analysis (i.e., how much oxygen has been consumed and the associated heat release).
his technical tip presents safer ways of performing audio frequency conducted susceptibility testing than the standard approach described in References 1-8. “Safer” here means reducing the probability of accidentally damaging the test article, either by over-testing, or by inducing instability in the test article’s internal switched mode power supply, or by causing a shutdown of the audio amplifier resulting in possible instability in the test article internal switched mode power supply.
These are always important considerations, but especially so when the test article is a one-of-a-kind item whose delivery is on the program schedule critical path. Finally, the stability issue is most pronounced when the test article runs off a dc bus, because dc/dc converters tend to have much smaller hold-up capacitors out front than if the cap providing the hold-up function also has to smooth out ripple from a 50/60/400 Hz ac bus.
n May 31, 2022, South Korea’s National Radio Research Agency issued Announcement No. 2022-40 stipulating that KS C 9814-1:2022, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus — Part 1: Emission, is the latest edition of South Korean emission product standard for household appliances, electric tools, and similar apparatus. KS C 9814-1:2022 is a modified version of CISPR 14-1:2020 Edition 7.0. Significant changes have been made with respect to the previous edition, KS C 9814-1:2020 (CISPR 14-1:2016). This article addresses emission requirements specified in the KS C 9814-1:2022 standard, focusing on the latest changes and deviations from the CISPR 14-1:2020 standard.
Editor’s Note: The paper on which this article is based was originally presented at the 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering – Asia (ISPCE-ASIA), held in Taipei, Taiwan in November/December 2021. It is reprinted here with the gracious permission of the IEEE. Copyright 2021, IEEE.
Following the growth in the fire incidents of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) after years of operation, the health monitoring system of EVs and ESSs are still a concerned topic. While it is relatively easy to measure health condition of a cell under static condition, the health condition measurement over cell packed into a system and under operating condition is rather difficult or time consuming with static measurement methodologies.
However, the deterioration of one cell in a series block will reduce the performance of the whole block, and the deterioration will lead to economic concerns like life span depreciation or mileage cost, so it is very important to develop a health monitoring system without the interruption of actual operation and disassembly of battery pack into modules and cells.
his article discusses the impact of a shunt inductive discontinuity along the line as well as the effect of feeding two transmission lines in parallel. The analytical results are verified through the HyperLynx simulations and laboratory measurements.
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